{"id":4792,"date":"2023-05-08T09:38:50","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T02:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jhasim1.com\/?p=4792"},"modified":"2023-05-08T09:38:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T02:38:50","slug":"lich-su-nganh-dieu-duong-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jhasim1.com\/lich-su-nganh-dieu-duong-the-gioi.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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K\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 12\/05<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi!<\/div>\n
Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9a con t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u00e9 l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, do k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy\u201d, \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i\u2026 Khi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecd m\u1eddi ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba c\u1ea7u kinh, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng van xin th\u1ea7n linh tha m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1, t\u1ea1i tr\u1eddi, t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n linh kh\u00f4ng cho s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u1eef v\u1eeba gi\u00fap l\u1ec5, v\u1eeba ph\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft y khoa, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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N\u0103m 60, b\u00e0 Phoebe (Hy L\u1ea1p) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 suy t\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4, b\u00e0 Fabiola (La M\u00e3) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn c\u0103n nh\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1ed1m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec5n chinh \u1edf ch\u00e2u u, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u0111au \u1ed1m. C\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngh\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 16, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 tu \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u u b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e1n t\u00f9, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 suy t\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Florence Nightingale (1820 \u2013 1910). B\u00e0 sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf Anh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chu \u0111\u00e1o. B\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Kaiserswerth (\u0110\u1ee9c) n\u0103m 1847. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u1edf Paris (Ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1854-1855, chi\u1ebfn tranh Crimea n\u1ed5 ra, b\u00e0 c\u00f9ng 38 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Anh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i sang Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng gia Anh. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec7 sinh trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau hai n\u0103m b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb 42% xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 2%. \u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00eam, Florence m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7m ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u \u0111i tua, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3. Chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Florence \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. C\u01a1n \u201cs\u1ed1t Crimea\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Anh t\u1eb7ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 50.000 b\u1ea3ng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. V\u00ec s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, Florence \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch 50.000 b\u1ea3ng Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1860. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Nightingale c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o 1 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 Florence \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 12-5<\/strong> h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a Florence Nightingale, l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau: trung h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

\"L\u1ecbch
Florence Nightingale (1820 \u2013 1910)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 TH\u1ee8 19<\/strong><\/div>\n
Clara Barton: t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n li\u00ean bang M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i ch\u1eef th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecf t\u1ea1i H\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7ng qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1882.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Dorothea Dix: ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c n\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e2n y trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e2n y. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n.<\/div>\n
Mary Ann Bickerdyke: t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u1eefa \u0103n, gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Louise schuyler: \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 New York v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra h\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u1eeb\u01a1i b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Bellevue. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Linda Richards: m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef sinh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n New England d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Boston, thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Massachusette v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1873. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ca \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Bellevue v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1874 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c y l\u1ec7nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c.<\/div>\n
Jane Addams: cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh 1931.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Lillian Wald: t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n New England d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng da \u0111en \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Harisst Tubmasn: m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e3i n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. B\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong phong tr\u00e0o xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tham gia \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n li\u00ean bang trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mary Agnes Snively: Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110a khoa Toronto, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Canada.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Sojourner Truth: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh trong cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tham gia v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u2013 Isabel HamptonRobb: ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n John Hopkins, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0y, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Canada (m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng M\u1ef9).\"L\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

\"L\u1ecbch
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea7y \u0111i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 20<\/strong><\/div>\n
Mary Adelaid Nutting: m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n khoa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Lavinia Dock, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch 4 t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ellizabeth Smellie: m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Canada trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Lavinia Dock: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mary Breck Enridge: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Frontier v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 12\/05 Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi! Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9a con t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u00e9 l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy […]\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4795,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,2398,1950],"tags":[6035,6034,6033],"yoast_head":"\nL\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi - Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0110\u1eb3ng Y H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi! Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9a con t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u00e9 l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, do k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy\u201d, \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i\u2026 Khi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecd m\u1eddi ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba c\u1ea7u kinh, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng van xin th\u1ea7n linh tha m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1, t\u1ea1i tr\u1eddi, t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n linh kh\u00f4ng cho s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u1eef v\u1eeba gi\u00fap l\u1ec5, v\u1eeba ph\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft y khoa, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jhasim1.com\/lich-su-nganh-dieu-duong-the-gioi.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi! Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9a con t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u00e9 l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, do k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy\u201d, \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i\u2026 Khi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecd m\u1eddi ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba c\u1ea7u kinh, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng van xin th\u1ea7n linh tha m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1, t\u1ea1i tr\u1eddi, t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n linh kh\u00f4ng cho s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u1eef v\u1eeba gi\u00fap l\u1ec5, v\u1eeba ph\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. 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