\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/td>\n | Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n | Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n | Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td>\n | Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00edch nghi<\/td>\n | Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n | Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n \n \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n 2.1. Khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Florence Nightingale:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nightingale cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u00e0nh, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Virginia Henderson:<\/strong>\u00a0Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o\u00a014 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean. Henderson chia nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh 4 nh\u00f3m: nhu c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00fd, nhu c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n, nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Dorothea Orem:<\/strong>\u00a0Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u00a0nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/strong>\u00a0th\u00e0nh 5 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean theo t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. Orem chia nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m: nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Roy:<\/strong>\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch qua 4 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nghi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00edch nghi. Roy cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Neuman:<\/strong>\u00a0Coi\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf<\/strong>, lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi. Neuman chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh 3 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n: v\u00f2ng l\u00f5i, v\u00f2ng bao quanh v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Peplau:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/strong>, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Peplau chia m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, quan h\u1ec7, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 chia tay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2.2. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Florence Nightingale:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2\u00a0t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>\u00a0cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9,…<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Virginia Henderson:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2\u00a0h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 14 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n,…<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Dorothea Orem:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2\u00a0h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/strong>\u00a0theo t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhu c\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Roy:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2\u00a0gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00edch nghi<\/strong>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch nghi, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, lo \u00e2u,…<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Neuman:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2\u00a0duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Peplau:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/strong>\u00a0v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, quan h\u1ec7, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 chia tay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2.3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Florence Nightingale:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Virginia Henderson:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Dorothea Orem:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n,\u00a0h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Roy:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n,\u00a0gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Neuman:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>,\u00a0x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Peplau:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>\u00a0gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n,\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
2.4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<\/strong><\/h3>\n |