{"id":7382,"date":"2024-07-11T09:16:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T02:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jhasim1.com\/?p=7382"},"modified":"2024-07-01T11:04:01","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T04:04:01","slug":"phan-tich-so-sanh-cac-mo-hinh-ly-thuyet-dieu-duong-va-ung-dung-trong-thuc-hanh-cham-soc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jhasim1.com\/phan-tich-so-sanh-cac-mo-hinh-ly-thuyet-dieu-duong-va-ung-dung-trong-thuc-hanh-cham-soc.html","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch So S\u00e1nh C\u00e1c M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft \u0110i\u1ec1u D\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh Ch\u0103m S\u00f3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Qua \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <\/strong>l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft <\/strong>Florence Nightingale (1859)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nightingale cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u00e0nh, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Khung kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nightingale. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0; y t\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a y t\u00e1 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <\/strong>l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft <\/strong>Virginia Henderson (1955)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o 14 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean. Henderson chia nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh 4 nh\u00f3m: nhu c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00fd, nhu c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n, nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <\/strong>l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft <\/strong>Dorothea Orem (1971)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u00e0nh 5 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean theo t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. Orem chia nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m: nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh <\/strong>l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft <\/strong>Roy (1970)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch qua 4 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nghi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00edch nghi. Roy cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/div>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Neuman (1974)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Coi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf, lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi. Neuman chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh 3 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n: v\u00f2ng l\u00f5i, v\u00f2ng bao quanh v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u00a0Peplau (1952)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Peplau chia m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, quan h\u1ec7, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 chia tay.<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
\n

2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/td>\nFlorence Nightingale<\/td>\nVirginia Henderson<\/td>\nDorothea Orem<\/td>\nRoy<\/td>\nNeuman<\/td>\nPeplau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/td>\nM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nNhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td>\nNhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/td>\nTh\u00edch nghi<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf<\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u00ean<\/td>\nT\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c<\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td>\nH\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/td>\nGi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00edch nghi<\/td>\nDuy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/td>\nCh\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/td>\nCh\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nCh\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td>\nCh\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00edch nghi<\/td>\nCh\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\nCh\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

2.1. Khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/h3>\n